RangeRate.java
/* Copyright 2002-2022 CS GROUP
* Licensed to CS GROUP (CS) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* CS licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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*/
package org.orekit.estimation.measurements;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.hipparchus.analysis.differentiation.Gradient;
import org.hipparchus.analysis.differentiation.GradientField;
import org.hipparchus.geometry.euclidean.threed.FieldVector3D;
import org.orekit.frames.FieldTransform;
import org.orekit.propagation.SpacecraftState;
import org.orekit.time.AbsoluteDate;
import org.orekit.time.FieldAbsoluteDate;
import org.orekit.utils.Constants;
import org.orekit.utils.ParameterDriver;
import org.orekit.utils.TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates;
import org.orekit.utils.TimeStampedPVCoordinates;
/** Class modeling one-way or two-way range rate measurement between two vehicles.
* One-way range rate (or Doppler) measurements generally apply to specific satellites
* (e.g. GNSS, DORIS), where a signal is transmitted from a satellite to a
* measuring station.
* Two-way range rate measurements are applicable to any system. The signal is
* transmitted to the (non-spinning) satellite and returned by a transponder
* (or reflected back)to the same measuring station.
* The Doppler measurement can be obtained by multiplying the velocity by (fe/c), where
* fe is the emission frequency.
*
* @author Thierry Ceolin
* @author Joris Olympio
* @since 8.0
*/
public class RangeRate extends AbstractMeasurement<RangeRate> {
/** Type of the measurement. */
public static final String MEASUREMENT_TYPE = "RangeRate";
/** Ground station from which measurement is performed. */
private final GroundStation station;
/** Flag indicating whether it is a two-way measurement. */
private final boolean twoway;
/** Simple constructor.
* @param station ground station from which measurement is performed
* @param date date of the measurement
* @param rangeRate observed value, m/s
* @param sigma theoretical standard deviation
* @param baseWeight base weight
* @param twoway if true, this is a two-way measurement
* @param satellite satellite related to this measurement
* @since 9.3
*/
public RangeRate(final GroundStation station, final AbsoluteDate date,
final double rangeRate, final double sigma, final double baseWeight,
final boolean twoway, final ObservableSatellite satellite) {
super(date, rangeRate, sigma, baseWeight, Collections.singletonList(satellite));
addParameterDriver(station.getClockOffsetDriver());
addParameterDriver(station.getClockDriftDriver());
addParameterDriver(satellite.getClockDriftDriver());
addParameterDriver(station.getEastOffsetDriver());
addParameterDriver(station.getNorthOffsetDriver());
addParameterDriver(station.getZenithOffsetDriver());
addParameterDriver(station.getPrimeMeridianOffsetDriver());
addParameterDriver(station.getPrimeMeridianDriftDriver());
addParameterDriver(station.getPolarOffsetXDriver());
addParameterDriver(station.getPolarDriftXDriver());
addParameterDriver(station.getPolarOffsetYDriver());
addParameterDriver(station.getPolarDriftYDriver());
this.station = station;
this.twoway = twoway;
}
/** Check if the instance represents a two-way measurement.
* @return true if the instance represents a two-way measurement
*/
public boolean isTwoWay() {
return twoway;
}
/** Get the ground station from which measurement is performed.
* @return ground station from which measurement is performed
*/
public GroundStation getStation() {
return station;
}
/** {@inheritDoc} */
@Override
protected EstimatedMeasurement<RangeRate> theoreticalEvaluation(final int iteration, final int evaluation,
final SpacecraftState[] states) {
final SpacecraftState state = states[0];
// Range-rate derivatives are computed with respect to spacecraft state in inertial frame
// and station position in station's offset frame
// -------
//
// Parameters:
// - 0..2 - Position of the spacecraft in inertial frame
// - 3..5 - Velocity of the spacecraft in inertial frame
// - 6..n - station parameters (clock offset, clock drift, station offsets, pole, prime meridian...)
int nbParams = 6;
final Map<String, Integer> indices = new HashMap<>();
for (ParameterDriver driver : getParametersDrivers()) {
if (driver.isSelected()) {
indices.put(driver.getName(), nbParams++);
}
}
final FieldVector3D<Gradient> zero = FieldVector3D.getZero(GradientField.getField(nbParams));
// Coordinates of the spacecraft expressed as a gradient
final TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<Gradient> pvaDS = getCoordinates(state, 0, nbParams);
// transform between station and inertial frame, expressed as a gradient
// The components of station's position in offset frame are the 3 last derivative parameters
final FieldTransform<Gradient> offsetToInertialDownlink =
station.getOffsetToInertial(state.getFrame(), getDate(), nbParams, indices);
final FieldAbsoluteDate<Gradient> downlinkDateDS =
offsetToInertialDownlink.getFieldDate();
// Station position in inertial frame at end of the downlink leg
final TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<Gradient> stationDownlink =
offsetToInertialDownlink.transformPVCoordinates(new TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<>(downlinkDateDS,
zero, zero, zero));
// Compute propagation times
// (if state has already been set up to pre-compensate propagation delay,
// we will have delta == tauD and transitState will be the same as state)
// Downlink delay
final Gradient tauD = signalTimeOfFlight(pvaDS, stationDownlink.getPosition(), downlinkDateDS);
// Transit state
final Gradient delta = downlinkDateDS.durationFrom(state.getDate());
final Gradient deltaMTauD = tauD.negate().add(delta);
final SpacecraftState transitState = state.shiftedBy(deltaMTauD.getValue());
// Transit state (re)computed with gradients
final TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<Gradient> transitPV = pvaDS.shiftedBy(deltaMTauD);
// one-way (downlink) range-rate
final EstimatedMeasurement<RangeRate> evalOneWay1 =
oneWayTheoreticalEvaluation(iteration, evaluation, true,
stationDownlink, transitPV, transitState, indices, nbParams);
final EstimatedMeasurement<RangeRate> estimated;
if (twoway) {
// one-way (uplink) light time correction
final FieldTransform<Gradient> offsetToInertialApproxUplink =
station.getOffsetToInertial(state.getFrame(),
downlinkDateDS.shiftedBy(tauD.multiply(-2)), nbParams, indices);
final FieldAbsoluteDate<Gradient> approxUplinkDateDS =
offsetToInertialApproxUplink.getFieldDate();
final TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<Gradient> stationApproxUplink =
offsetToInertialApproxUplink.transformPVCoordinates(new TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<>(approxUplinkDateDS,
zero, zero, zero));
final Gradient tauU = signalTimeOfFlight(stationApproxUplink, transitPV.getPosition(), transitPV.getDate());
final TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<Gradient> stationUplink =
stationApproxUplink.shiftedBy(transitPV.getDate().durationFrom(approxUplinkDateDS).subtract(tauU));
final EstimatedMeasurement<RangeRate> evalOneWay2 =
oneWayTheoreticalEvaluation(iteration, evaluation, false,
stationUplink, transitPV, transitState, indices, nbParams);
// combine uplink and downlink values
estimated = new EstimatedMeasurement<>(this, iteration, evaluation,
evalOneWay1.getStates(),
new TimeStampedPVCoordinates[] {
evalOneWay2.getParticipants()[0],
evalOneWay1.getParticipants()[0],
evalOneWay1.getParticipants()[1]
});
estimated.setEstimatedValue(0.5 * (evalOneWay1.getEstimatedValue()[0] + evalOneWay2.getEstimatedValue()[0]));
// combine uplink and downlink partial derivatives with respect to state
final double[][] sd1 = evalOneWay1.getStateDerivatives(0);
final double[][] sd2 = evalOneWay2.getStateDerivatives(0);
final double[][] sd = new double[sd1.length][sd1[0].length];
for (int i = 0; i < sd.length; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < sd[0].length; ++j) {
sd[i][j] = 0.5 * (sd1[i][j] + sd2[i][j]);
}
}
estimated.setStateDerivatives(0, sd);
// combine uplink and downlink partial derivatives with respect to parameters
evalOneWay1.getDerivativesDrivers().forEach(driver -> {
final double[] pd1 = evalOneWay1.getParameterDerivatives(driver);
final double[] pd2 = evalOneWay2.getParameterDerivatives(driver);
final double[] pd = new double[pd1.length];
for (int i = 0; i < pd.length; ++i) {
pd[i] = 0.5 * (pd1[i] + pd2[i]);
}
estimated.setParameterDerivatives(driver, pd);
});
} else {
estimated = evalOneWay1;
}
return estimated;
}
/** Evaluate measurement in one-way.
* @param iteration iteration number
* @param evaluation evaluations counter
* @param downlink indicator for downlink leg
* @param stationPV station coordinates when signal is at station
* @param transitPV spacecraft coordinates at onboard signal transit
* @param transitState orbital state at onboard signal transit
* @param indices indices of the estimated parameters in derivatives computations
* @param nbParams the number of estimated parameters in derivative computations
* @return theoretical value
* @see #evaluate(SpacecraftStatet)
*/
private EstimatedMeasurement<RangeRate> oneWayTheoreticalEvaluation(final int iteration, final int evaluation, final boolean downlink,
final TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<Gradient> stationPV,
final TimeStampedFieldPVCoordinates<Gradient> transitPV,
final SpacecraftState transitState,
final Map<String, Integer> indices,
final int nbParams) {
// prepare the evaluation
final EstimatedMeasurement<RangeRate> estimated =
new EstimatedMeasurement<RangeRate>(this, iteration, evaluation,
new SpacecraftState[] {
transitState
}, new TimeStampedPVCoordinates[] {
(downlink ? transitPV : stationPV).toTimeStampedPVCoordinates(),
(downlink ? stationPV : transitPV).toTimeStampedPVCoordinates()
});
// range rate value
final FieldVector3D<Gradient> stationPosition = stationPV.getPosition();
final FieldVector3D<Gradient> relativePosition = stationPosition.subtract(transitPV.getPosition());
final FieldVector3D<Gradient> stationVelocity = stationPV.getVelocity();
final FieldVector3D<Gradient> relativeVelocity = stationVelocity.subtract(transitPV.getVelocity());
// radial direction
final FieldVector3D<Gradient> lineOfSight = relativePosition.normalize();
// line of sight velocity
final Gradient lineOfSightVelocity = FieldVector3D.dotProduct(relativeVelocity, lineOfSight);
// range rate
Gradient rangeRate = lineOfSightVelocity;
if (!twoway) {
// clock drifts, taken in account only in case of one way
final ObservableSatellite satellite = getSatellites().get(0);
final Gradient dtsDot = satellite.getClockDriftDriver().getValue(nbParams, indices);
final Gradient dtgDot = station.getClockDriftDriver().getValue(nbParams, indices);
final Gradient clockDriftBiais = dtgDot.subtract(dtsDot).multiply(Constants.SPEED_OF_LIGHT);
rangeRate = rangeRate.add(clockDriftBiais);
}
estimated.setEstimatedValue(rangeRate.getValue());
// compute partial derivatives of (rr) with respect to spacecraft state Cartesian coordinates
final double[] derivatives = rangeRate.getGradient();
estimated.setStateDerivatives(0, Arrays.copyOfRange(derivatives, 0, 6));
// set partial derivatives with respect to parameters
// (beware element at index 0 is the value, not a derivative)
for (final ParameterDriver driver : getParametersDrivers()) {
final Integer index = indices.get(driver.getName());
if (index != null) {
estimated.setParameterDerivatives(driver, derivatives[index]);
}
}
return estimated;
}
}