Class OneAxisEllipsoid
- java.lang.Object
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- org.orekit.bodies.Ellipsoid
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- org.orekit.bodies.OneAxisEllipsoid
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- All Implemented Interfaces:
Serializable
,BodyShape
- Direct Known Subclasses:
ReferenceEllipsoid
public class OneAxisEllipsoid extends Ellipsoid implements BodyShape
Modeling of a one-axis ellipsoid.One-axis ellipsoids is a good approximate model for most planet-size and larger natural bodies. It is the equilibrium shape reached by a fluid body under its own gravity field when it rotates. The symmetry axis is the rotation or polar axis.
- Author:
- Luc Maisonobe, Guylaine Prat
- See Also:
- Serialized Form
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Constructor Summary
Constructors Constructor Description OneAxisEllipsoid(double ae, double f, Frame bodyFrame)
Simple constructor.
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Method Summary
All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method Description <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>>
TazimuthBetweenPoints(FieldGeodeticPoint<T> origin, FieldGeodeticPoint<T> destination)
Compute the azimuth angle from local north between the two points.double
azimuthBetweenPoints(GeodeticPoint origin, GeodeticPoint destination)
Compute the azimuth angle from local north between the two points.double
geodeticToIsometricLatitude(double geodeticLatitude)
Compute the isometric latitude corresponding to the provided latitude.<T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>>
TgeodeticToIsometricLatitude(T geodeticLatitude)
Compute the isometric latitude corresponding to the provided latitude.Frame
getBodyFrame()
Get body frame related to body shape.<T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>>
FieldVector3D<T>getCartesianIntersectionPoint(FieldLine<T> line, FieldVector3D<T> close, Frame frame, FieldAbsoluteDate<T> date)
Get the intersection point of a line with the surface of the body.Vector3D
getCartesianIntersectionPoint(Line line, Vector3D close, Frame frame, AbsoluteDate date)
Get the intersection point of a line with the surface of the body.double
getEccentricity()
Get the first eccentricity of the ellipsoid: e = sqrt(f * (2.0 - f)).double
getEccentricitySquared()
Get the first eccentricity squared of the ellipsoid: e^2 = f * (2.0 - f).double
getEquatorialRadius()
Get the equatorial radius of the body.double
getFlattening()
Get the flattening of the body: f = (a-b)/a.<T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>>
FieldGeodeticPoint<T>getIntersectionPoint(FieldLine<T> line, FieldVector3D<T> close, Frame frame, FieldAbsoluteDate<T> date)
Get the intersection point of a line with the surface of the body.GeodeticPoint
getIntersectionPoint(Line line, Vector3D close, Frame frame, AbsoluteDate date)
Get the intersection point of a line with the surface of the body.<T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>>
FieldGeodeticPoint<T>lowestAltitudeIntermediate(FieldVector3D<T> endpoint1, FieldVector3D<T> endpoint2)
Find intermediate point of lowest altitude along a line between two endpoints.GeodeticPoint
lowestAltitudeIntermediate(Vector3D endpoint1, Vector3D endpoint2)
Find intermediate point of lowest altitude along a line between two endpoints.Vector3D
projectToGround(Vector3D point, AbsoluteDate date, Frame frame)
Project a point to the ground.TimeStampedPVCoordinates
projectToGround(TimeStampedPVCoordinates pv, Frame frame)
Project a moving point to the ground.void
setAngularThreshold(double angularThreshold)
Set the angular convergence threshold.<T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>>
FieldGeodeticPoint<T>transform(FieldVector3D<T> point, Frame frame, FieldAbsoluteDate<T> date)
Transform a Cartesian point to a surface-relative point.GeodeticPoint
transform(Vector3D point, Frame frame, AbsoluteDate date)
Transform a Cartesian point to a surface-relative point.<T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>>
FieldVector3D<T>transform(FieldGeodeticPoint<T> point)
Transform a surface-relative point to a Cartesian point.Vector3D
transform(GeodeticPoint point)
Transform a surface-relative point to a Cartesian point.FieldGeodeticPoint<DerivativeStructure>
transform(PVCoordinates point, Frame frame, AbsoluteDate date)
Transform a Cartesian point to a surface-relative point.-
Methods inherited from class org.orekit.bodies.Ellipsoid
getA, getB, getC, getFrame, getPlaneSection, getPlaneSection, isInside, isInside, pointOnLimb, pointOnLimb
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Constructor Detail
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OneAxisEllipsoid
public OneAxisEllipsoid(double ae, double f, Frame bodyFrame)
Simple constructor.Standard values for Earth models can be found in the
Constants
class:- Parameters:
ae
- equatorial radiusf
- the flattening (f = (a-b)/a)bodyFrame
- body frame related to body shape- See Also:
FramesFactory.getITRF(org.orekit.utils.IERSConventions, boolean)
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Method Detail
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setAngularThreshold
public void setAngularThreshold(double angularThreshold)
Set the angular convergence threshold.The angular threshold is used both to identify points close to the ellipse axes and as the convergence threshold used to stop the iterations in the
transform(Vector3D, Frame, AbsoluteDate)
method.If this method is not called, the default value is set to 10-12.
- Parameters:
angularThreshold
- angular convergence threshold (rad)
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getEquatorialRadius
public double getEquatorialRadius()
Get the equatorial radius of the body.- Returns:
- equatorial radius of the body (m)
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getFlattening
public double getFlattening()
Get the flattening of the body: f = (a-b)/a.- Returns:
- the flattening
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getEccentricitySquared
public double getEccentricitySquared()
Get the first eccentricity squared of the ellipsoid: e^2 = f * (2.0 - f).- Returns:
- the eccentricity squared
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getEccentricity
public double getEccentricity()
Get the first eccentricity of the ellipsoid: e = sqrt(f * (2.0 - f)).- Returns:
- the eccentricity
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getBodyFrame
public Frame getBodyFrame()
Get body frame related to body shape.- Specified by:
getBodyFrame
in interfaceBodyShape
- Returns:
- body frame related to body shape
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getCartesianIntersectionPoint
public Vector3D getCartesianIntersectionPoint(Line line, Vector3D close, Frame frame, AbsoluteDate date)
Get the intersection point of a line with the surface of the body.A line may have several intersection points with a closed surface (we consider the one point case as a degenerated two points case). The close parameter is used to select which of these points should be returned. The selected point is the one that is closest to the close point.
- Parameters:
line
- test line (may intersect the body or not)close
- point used for intersections selectionframe
- frame in which line is expresseddate
- date of the line in given frame- Returns:
- intersection point at altitude zero or null if the line does not intersect the surface
- Since:
- 9.3
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getIntersectionPoint
public GeodeticPoint getIntersectionPoint(Line line, Vector3D close, Frame frame, AbsoluteDate date)
Get the intersection point of a line with the surface of the body.A line may have several intersection points with a closed surface (we consider the one point case as a degenerated two points case). The close parameter is used to select which of these points should be returned. The selected point is the one that is closest to the close point.
- Specified by:
getIntersectionPoint
in interfaceBodyShape
- Parameters:
line
- test line (may intersect the body or not)close
- point used for intersections selectionframe
- frame in which line is expresseddate
- date of the line in given frame- Returns:
- intersection point at altitude zero or null if the line does not intersect the surface
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getCartesianIntersectionPoint
public <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> FieldVector3D<T> getCartesianIntersectionPoint(FieldLine<T> line, FieldVector3D<T> close, Frame frame, FieldAbsoluteDate<T> date)
Get the intersection point of a line with the surface of the body.A line may have several intersection points with a closed surface (we consider the one point case as a degenerated two points case). The close parameter is used to select which of these points should be returned. The selected point is the one that is closest to the close point.
- Type Parameters:
T
- type of the field elements- Parameters:
line
- test line (may intersect the body or not)close
- point used for intersections selectionframe
- frame in which line is expresseddate
- date of the line in given frame- Returns:
- intersection point at altitude zero or null if the line does not intersect the surface
- Since:
- 9.3
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getIntersectionPoint
public <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> FieldGeodeticPoint<T> getIntersectionPoint(FieldLine<T> line, FieldVector3D<T> close, Frame frame, FieldAbsoluteDate<T> date)
Get the intersection point of a line with the surface of the body.A line may have several intersection points with a closed surface (we consider the one point case as a degenerated two points case). The close parameter is used to select which of these points should be returned. The selected point is the one that is closest to the close point.
- Specified by:
getIntersectionPoint
in interfaceBodyShape
- Type Parameters:
T
- type of the field elements- Parameters:
line
- test line (may intersect the body or not)close
- point used for intersections selectionframe
- frame in which line is expresseddate
- date of the line in given frame- Returns:
- intersection point at altitude zero or null if the line does not intersect the surface
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transform
public Vector3D transform(GeodeticPoint point)
Transform a surface-relative point to a Cartesian point.
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transform
public <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> FieldVector3D<T> transform(FieldGeodeticPoint<T> point)
Transform a surface-relative point to a Cartesian point.
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projectToGround
public Vector3D projectToGround(Vector3D point, AbsoluteDate date, Frame frame)
Project a point to the ground.- Specified by:
projectToGround
in interfaceBodyShape
- Parameters:
point
- point to projectdate
- current dateframe
- frame in which moving point is expressed- Returns:
- ground point exactly at the local vertical of specified point, in the same frame as specified point
- See Also:
BodyShape.projectToGround(TimeStampedPVCoordinates, Frame)
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projectToGround
public TimeStampedPVCoordinates projectToGround(TimeStampedPVCoordinates pv, Frame frame)
Project a moving point to the ground.- Specified by:
projectToGround
in interfaceBodyShape
- Parameters:
pv
- moving pointframe
- frame in which moving point is expressed- Returns:
- ground point exactly at the local vertical of specified point, in the same frame as specified point
- See Also:
BodyShape.projectToGround(Vector3D, AbsoluteDate, Frame)
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transform
public GeodeticPoint transform(Vector3D point, Frame frame, AbsoluteDate date)
Transform a Cartesian point to a surface-relative point.This method is based on Toshio Fukushima's algorithm which uses Halley's method. transformation from Cartesian to Geodetic Coordinates Accelerated by Halley's Method, Toshio Fukushima, Journal of Geodesy 9(12):689-693, February 2006
Some changes have been added to the original method:
- in order to handle more accurately corner cases near the pole
- in order to handle properly corner cases near the equatorial plane, even far inside the ellipsoid
- in order to handle very flat ellipsoids
In some rare cases (for example very flat ellipsoid, or points close to ellipsoid center), the loop may fail to converge. As this seems to happen only in degenerate cases, a design choice was to return an approximate point corresponding to last iteration. This point may be incorrect and fail to give the initial point back if doing roundtrip by calling
transform(GeodeticPoint)
. This design choice was made to avoid NaNs appearing for example in inter-satellites visibility checks when two satellites are almost on opposite sides of Earth. The intermediate points far within the Earth should not prevent the detection algorithm to find visibility start/end.
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transform
public <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> FieldGeodeticPoint<T> transform(FieldVector3D<T> point, Frame frame, FieldAbsoluteDate<T> date)
Transform a Cartesian point to a surface-relative point.This method is based on Toshio Fukushima's algorithm which uses Halley's method. transformation from Cartesian to Geodetic Coordinates Accelerated by Halley's Method, Toshio Fukushima, Journal of Geodesy 9(12):689-693, February 2006
Some changes have been added to the original method:
- in order to handle more accurately corner cases near the pole
- in order to handle properly corner cases near the equatorial plane, even far inside the ellipsoid
- in order to handle very flat ellipsoids
In some rare cases (for example very flat ellipsoid, or points close to ellipsoid center), the loop may fail to converge. As this seems to happen only in degenerate cases, a design choice was to return an approximate point corresponding to last iteration. This point may be incorrect and fail to give the initial point back if doing roundtrip by calling
transform(GeodeticPoint)
. This design choice was made to avoid NaNs appearing for example in inter-satellites visibility checks when two satellites are almost on opposite sides of Earth. The intermediate points far within the Earth should not prevent the detection algorithm to find visibility start/end.- Specified by:
transform
in interfaceBodyShape
- Type Parameters:
T
- type of the filed elements- Parameters:
point
- Cartesian pointframe
- frame in which Cartesian point is expresseddate
- date of the computation (used for frames conversions)- Returns:
- point at the same location but as a surface-relative point
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transform
public FieldGeodeticPoint<DerivativeStructure> transform(PVCoordinates point, Frame frame, AbsoluteDate date)
Transform a Cartesian point to a surface-relative point.- Parameters:
point
- Cartesian pointframe
- frame in which Cartesian point is expresseddate
- date of the computation (used for frames conversions)- Returns:
- point at the same location but as a surface-relative point, using time as the single derivation parameter
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azimuthBetweenPoints
public double azimuthBetweenPoints(GeodeticPoint origin, GeodeticPoint destination)
Compute the azimuth angle from local north between the two points. The angle is calculated clockwise from local north at the origin point and follows the rhumb line to the destination point.- Parameters:
origin
- the origin point, at which the azimuth angle will be computed (non-null
)destination
- the destination point, to which the angle is defined (non-null
)- Returns:
- the resulting azimuth angle (radians,
[0-2pi)
) - Since:
- 11.3
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azimuthBetweenPoints
public <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> T azimuthBetweenPoints(FieldGeodeticPoint<T> origin, FieldGeodeticPoint<T> destination)
Compute the azimuth angle from local north between the two points. The angle is calculated clockwise from local north at the origin point and follows the rhumb line to the destination point.- Type Parameters:
T
- the type of field elements- Parameters:
origin
- the origin point, at which the azimuth angle will be computed (non-null
)destination
- the destination point, to which the angle is defined (non-null
)- Returns:
- the resulting azimuth angle (radians,
[0-2pi)
) - Since:
- 11.3
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geodeticToIsometricLatitude
public double geodeticToIsometricLatitude(double geodeticLatitude)
Compute the isometric latitude corresponding to the provided latitude.- Parameters:
geodeticLatitude
- the latitude (radians, within interval[-pi/2, +pi/2]
)- Returns:
- the isometric latitude (radians)
- Since:
- 11.3
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geodeticToIsometricLatitude
public <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> T geodeticToIsometricLatitude(T geodeticLatitude)
Compute the isometric latitude corresponding to the provided latitude.- Type Parameters:
T
- the type of field elements- Parameters:
geodeticLatitude
- the latitude (radians, within interval[-pi/2, +pi/2]
)- Returns:
- the isometric latitude (radians)
- Since:
- 11.3
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lowestAltitudeIntermediate
public GeodeticPoint lowestAltitudeIntermediate(Vector3D endpoint1, Vector3D endpoint2)
Find intermediate point of lowest altitude along a line between two endpoints.- Parameters:
endpoint1
- first endpoint, in body frameendpoint2
- second endpoint, in body frame- Returns:
- point with lowest altitude between
endpoint1
andendpoint2
. - Since:
- 12.0
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lowestAltitudeIntermediate
public <T extends CalculusFieldElement<T>> FieldGeodeticPoint<T> lowestAltitudeIntermediate(FieldVector3D<T> endpoint1, FieldVector3D<T> endpoint2)
Find intermediate point of lowest altitude along a line between two endpoints.- Type Parameters:
T
- type of the field elements- Parameters:
endpoint1
- first endpoint, in body frameendpoint2
- second endpoint, in body frame- Returns:
- point with lowest altitude between
endpoint1
andendpoint2
. - Since:
- 12.0
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